PetrusQuber
Legend
So for a school assignment, I'm writing an essay cubing. I have the itnorduction and history done so far, suggestions for sections? Things like 'Hardware, Competitions, Community', etc. Here's the script:
Cubing
Cubing. This is one of my hobbies. Cubing is short for basically, ‘solving the Rubik’s Cube’. The standard Rubik’s cube is a 3x3x3 arrangement of blocks, with colours on them. The solved state is when all the pieces/colours are in their correct place - matching them up with everything else. Solving the cube on your own is hard. Very few people have ever done it, and it takes a lot of time and patience. The cube’s inventor, Erno Rubik, managed to solve it on his own after over a month of dedication. For most cubers though, this is not how they started out. The growth of cubing, and the internet, inevitably lead to methods being shared around online, and in between individual people - making it much easier to learn. Nowadays, you can search up ‘How to Solve the RubiK’s Cube’, and loads of tutorials will come up, each with various steps and procedures to follow out depending on what the cube looks like.
Anyway, that’s the introduction, hope you enjoy this essay!
History
Early years
The Rubik’s cube was invented in 1974 by Hungarian architect Erno Rubik. The cube had been originally made as a working model to explain three dimensional geometry to Rubik’s students. It was made out of wood, and twice the weight of cubes nowadays. Similar concepts had been invented before, such as Larry Nichols’ 2x2 cube (a smaller version of the traditional 3x30 held together by strong magnets, and Frank Fox’s spherical 3x3 ‘amusement device’, but none of these really took off. Rubik received his patent in 1975, and the cube was released to the Hungarian public in 1977. Toy company Ideal helped Rubik release the cube across the world after that, and by 1980, it was everywhere.
It won the Toy of the Year award and was sold to over 100 million people by 1982. The aforementioned Larry Nichols’ employer sued Ideal for patent infringement that same year, and in 1984, Ideal lost the suit but immediately appealed. The appeals courts in 1986 decided to overturn the decision that the 3x3 Rubik’s Cube infringed on Nichols’ patent, however the Rubik’s 2x2 Pocket Cube was deemed an infringement.
The Rubik’s Revenge (a 4x4 cube) was also released in 1981. Rubik didn’t invent it, but allowed it to be named after him to attract fans of the 3x3.
Many people still didn’t know how to solve the cube. There were a few people who had developed their own methods, and a few that had found the written guides and tutorials of others, but most of the population were dumb founded. However, in just 1982, the first Rubik’s Cube World Championship was held in Budapest, where it had all started. 20 people from 20 countries’ national championships came, and many would be pioneers in the following decades’ speedcubing era. Jessica Fridrich, representing the Czech Republic was there. She is known nowadays for being one of the inventors of the popular CFOP/Fridrich method (stands for Cross, First Two Layers, Orientate Last Layer, Permute Last Layer), which is used by almost all speedcubers nowadays. Lars Petrus, representing Sweden, was also there. He used his own unique method (which I now use) called Petrus, which would be almost as popular as Fridrich in few years to come. In the end, American Minh Thai won, with a best time of 22.95 seconds - seemingly impossible to the rest of the world.
New types of puzzles, and variations would also be created in the following years of the cube’s release. Uwe Meffert had constructed wooden puzzles similar to those of the 3x3 around the same time as Rubik, but hadn’t thought much of it, until Rubik’s released his cubes. He bought his puzzles to a Japanese toymaker, and 90 million Pyraminxes (tetrahedron like puzzles) were released, along with other cubes/puzzles. He would go on to create over a hundred puzzles in the next decades. He is considered to be almost as important as Rubik in pioneering the Rubik’s Cube.
Another person, named Tony Fisher would work with Mefferts to mass produce other variations, such as bandaged cubes (where certain cubies on the cube are stuck together, making some moves impossible if it interacts with the bandaged pair) and cuboids, like the 3x3x4.
The Quiet Period
Unable to solve it, many people would forget about the cube, and it would eventually come to rest somewhere in a deep, dark cupboard, unsolved. However, the speedcubing community was still going strong. The growth of the Internet led to people sharing their methods and techniques, discussing how to solve certain parts of the cube faster, and more. The aforementioned Jessica Fridrich would begin to develop CFOP, inventing the Last Layer algorithms (sequences of moves that do specific things) for OLL and PLL, which means Orientate Last Layer and Permute Last Layer. She would also begin to optimise F2L (First Two Layers) algorithms, finding hard/difficult cases and spending some time figuring out the best way to solve it if it came up in a solve. Petrus also developed his method around the same time as Fridrich, and the two methods were posted online towards the end of the 20th century, making the knowledge accessible to cubers everywhere. The Speedsolving Yahoo Group would also be created in 1999, allowing speedcubers to connect with each other, sharing tips, tricks, etc.
The WCA was founded in 2004 by Ron van Bruchem and Tyson Mao, which stood for the World Cube Association. Competitions would be held by the WCA, and the WCA website would provide access to speedsolving World Records, rankings, and most importantly, the regulations - which would often be consulted in competition, for example, whenever a competitor is suspected of cheating, you’re not sure about whether the cube is solved, etc. Another World Championships would be held in 2003 and 2004. The 2003 World Championships would be won by Dan Knights, with a perfect average time of 20.00 seconds. He was followed closely by Jessica Fridrich and David Wesley.
Speedcubing today
Things are very different from back in the day. We have vastly superior methods, superior hardware (cubes), a vastly different type of community, and completely different world records. I could’ve thrashed everybody in the world championships if I had a time machine to go back to them.