You've already gotten some good advice here, but I'll add a little more.
You asked how any of us had moved from LBL to Fridrich and not gotten overwhelmed. That's a great question and is something I struggled with when I was trying to switch to a Fridrich last layer.
I went straight from not having solved the cube in 20+ years to doing a Fridrich F2L (first two layers). I worked on *only* that, not solving the entire cube (only the first 2 layers) for about 5 days. Then I learned the last layer from
Jasmine's Tutorial.
That's a fairly good method. You get to keep all of the algs except for one when you switch to Fridrich last layer.
After I got good at that and wanted a faster last layer, I didn't know how to switch. I mean, I had to learn all 21 PLL algs at the same time? That's crazy. So I talked to a friend who explained that all I needed were 4 PLLs to switch over:
2 PLLs to do a cycle of three corners, commonly called "A perms"
2 PLLs to do a cycle of three EDGES, commonly called "U perms"
Once I learned those, I was able to do the last layer by first doing a multi-step OLL, and then a multi-step PLL. If you don't know, OLL means to "Orient the Last Layer", which means to make the cubies all have the same color on top. PLL means "Permute Last Layer", which means to move the cubies around to their correct spots without changing their orientation.
To get faster from there, you need to add OLLs and PLLs. Getting to what is called a 4 Look Last Layer is a good goal at this stage. Basically, it means that you know enough OLLs that you can do OLL in two steps, looking at the cube only twice, and applying the appropriate alg each time. Same thing with PLL: It means you know enough PLLs to do it in 2 steps, looking at the cube twice more, and applying the appropriate algs for PLL. So a total of 4 "looks" or steps to complete the entire last layer: 4 Look Last Layer.
Here are some specifics:
http://cubefreak.net/speed/fourlook.html
From there it's easy to add PLLs until you know them all. You can add OLLs later, or at the same time if you want to, but knowing all 57 OLLs only cuts 2 to 3 seconds off of your solve time.
But I'm getting WAY ahead of myself. My humble advice for you:
1. Learn notation. It's essential, and frankly it's pretty easy. You'll have it down in no time. It just takes a little practice to remember what direction to turn each face.
2. Learn to do the cross and F2L intuitively and a beginner's last layer. The last layer you are using now is frankly odd, and won't help you get much faster. or...
2A. Learn a full beginners method that starts with the cross. Jasmine's method linked above is good. It's arguable that the beginner's method that Badmephisto teaches is better:
BadMephisto's beginner's method
As a bonus, he teaches you notation as well.
Later on you'll want to learn the 4LLL and F2L (if you haven't already in step 2).
I hope this helps some. Good luck!
Brian.