I hope you understand what the definition of a good/bad edge is first?
With a bit of practise, recognition of where all the bad edges are should be almost immediate.
If an edge sticker matches the center piece (either F or U face if you're holding it with the block at the back) next to it, then it is obviously a good edge. Then the other ones you just need train yourself to see straight off whether they can be moved into the correct position and orientation using only F and U moves.
To actually orient them, just do moves like R U R' and L' U2 L etc. It essentially takes one bad edge up, and replaces it with another bad edge, and orients both of them by doing so. Btw, you'll always have 0, 2, 4 or 6 bad edges.
Then you should be able to solve the rest of F2L by doing y', then just <R,U> moves.