Which other sports have gone such massive hardware changes like speedcubing in the recent years?

[One Wheel]

The introduction of platforms like Zwift has also played a big part in cycling, allowing riders to train without leaving the house. (Good if it’s wet or windy, which it always is in my city!)

Also, dropper seat posts on mountain bikes are being used widely now and are in my mind one of the best recent innovations in bike technology.
The same goes for suspension using compressed air.

I don't do much mountain biking, mostly road and gravel, but yeah the difference in geometry between a modern mountain bike and one just 10 years old is absolutely night and day. I'm not sure I would consider Zwift to be a hardware change, but power meters for training are certainly significant. It'll be interesting to see what changes in the next 10 years or so as continuous glucose and lactate monitors become reliable and widespread.

 

[Lord_Oscar]

For me, the ability to change the height of my saddle is amazing. Being able to have a good leg extension when climbing, yet being able to push my seat down so I can stand up on trail descents is my favourite part of mountain biking.

Also this isn’t new, but Shimano’s integration system (STI, Shimano Total Integration, yes I know it’s a funny name) system where you can change gears from the handlebars without having to take your hand off to move the lever on the frame is so common on all bikes…I don’t know what I’d do without it.

 

[1x1 wr holder!]

Professional shooting is comparable to cubing in this aspect.

 

[gruuby]

Running, most definitely. Specifically long distance and road racing. The quest for the sub 2-hour marathon has lead to the creation of what people call "super shoes", and many companies have been trying to create shoes that give the highest energy return, enough to cut potential minutes off peoples' marathon times. It was crazy how much they influenced the sport.

Another huge update was pacer lights in track, instead of having a human pacer only, they would line the inside of the track with lights that could display where you have to be if you want to set a world record, area record, world lead, etc. It was really influential in the setting of world records, as athletes had a much better idea of how far behind they were in terms of the record and knew how to pace themselves correctly to put together a great race.

 

[unirox13]

Ugh... As a soon to be old fart, it depends on what you consider "recent years". Skateboarding has actually achieved some incredible improvements since the sport emerged. Even the past 20-15 years we've seen new tech in board shape, size, and even grip/paint tech.