Thinking about this (and badmephisto's recent video) has changed the way I look at F2L during actual practice.
I used to spot an edge in the middle layer and not really notice whether or not it was flipped--I'd want to set up an easy case with its corner cubie which often required a cube rotation as I was ejecting it. To my dismay I would immediately need another cube rotation in order to execute the easy case. This was frustrating.
Now, if I see that it's flipped, I look for a way to pop it out without the rotation, even if its not my "preferred" setup with its corner, and voila! No more double-rotation!
For recognition, I've determined that if the edge's "outer" (not on the U face) stickers cannot match the L or R center pieces it means a cube rotation is required. This isn't too hard to recognize as an edge is either aligned with the red-orange axis or blue-green (for my color scheme).
So...thanks!