https://www.speedsolving.com/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Hawkmp4 2026-10-22T20:13:51Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.8 https://www.speedsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=OLL&diff=9961 2010-08-13T17:17:43Z

<p>Hawkmp4: /* OLL 23 */</p> <hr /> <div>__NOTOC__<br /> OLL is the [[Orientation]] of the [[Last Layer]], and is the first step in solving the last layer in many speedsolving methods, such as the [[Fridrich Method]], usally followed by [[PLL]].<br /> <br /> Parentheses in an algorithm signify the triggers of the algorithm. For example, [(R U R') (L' U L)] shows two triggers in the algorithm, even though it is the same as [R U R' L' U L].<br /> <br /> The areas shaded in gray represent the oriented pieces on the top layer. You can tell if a piece is oriented by looking at the top color of the piece in relation to the top center of the cube. If the piece is oriented, the two colors will be the same.<br /> <br /> The bars sticking off to the side of an unshaded piece represent where the [[sticker]] that needs to be on top is.<br /> <br /> &lt;strong&gt;Click on an algorithm (not the camera icon) to watch an animation of it.&lt;/strong&gt;<br /> <br /> {{OLL}}<br /> <br /> ==All edges flipped correctly==<br /> This subgroup, '''OCLL''' (also '''OLL-C''') is used in methods which have oriented the [[LL]] edges earlier in the solve, such as [[ZZ]]. Solving the '''OCLL''' is also the second part of the [[2-look OLL]].<br /> <br /> {|border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot;<br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> === OLL 27 ===<br /> [[Image:o27.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|R U R' U R U2 R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' R' U2 R U R' U R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y L' U2 L U L' U L|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 L U L' U L U2 L'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R U' L' U R' U' L|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|U2 r2 U R' U' L' U R U' r'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 26 ===<br /> [[Image:o26.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|y2 R' U' R U' R' U2 R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' R U2 R' U' R U' R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' L U2 L' U' L U' L'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|L' U' L U' L' U2 L|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|L' U R U' L U R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' L' U R U' L U R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' R U R' R U R' U' R U R' R U R' R U R' |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|U2 R' U' R U' R' U2 R|OLL}}<br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 21 ===<br /> [[Image:o21.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|R U R' U R U' R' U R U2 R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y R U2 R' U' R U R' U' R U' R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y F (R U R' U') (R U R' U') (R U R' U') F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y F' (L' U' L U) (L' U' L U) (L' U' L U) F|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R' U' R U' R' U R U' R' U2 R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|L U L' U L U' L' U L U2 L'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y L' U2 L U L' U' L U L' U L|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y (R' U R U) (R' U R U') (R' U R U') R' U' R U2 R' U R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|U F (R U R' U') (R U R' U') (R U R' U')|OLL}}<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 22 ===<br /> [[Image:o22.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|R U2 R2' U' R2 U' R2' U2 R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|f (R U R' U') f' F (R U R' U') F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 f' (L' U' L U) f F' (L' U' L U) F|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 L' U2 L2 U L2 U L2 U2 L'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R U2 R2 U' R' U R U' R U' R' y M' U2 M|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R' U L U' R U' L' U' L U' L'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 L U' R' U L' U R U R' U R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 L' U R U' L U' R' U' R U' R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R U' L' U R' U L U L' U L|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R U R' U R U2 R' y' R U R' U R U2 R'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> <br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 23 ===<br /> [[Image:o23.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|R2 D' R U2 R' D R U2 R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|L2 D L' U2 L D' L' U2 L'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R' U2 R F U' R' U' R U F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|l2 U' R D2 R' U R D2 R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|l2' U' z' U R2 U' L U R2 z' L|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' R U R' U' (R U' R' U2)(R U' R' U2) R U R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 R' F2 R U2 R U2 R' F2 R U2 R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 R2 D R' U2 R D' R' U2 R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|(R' U' R U) R' U2 R2 U (R' U R U2 R)|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R2' B2 R F2' R' B2 R F2' R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|U2 R2' D R' U2 R D' R' U2 R'|OLL}}<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 24 ===<br /> [[Image:o24.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|r U R' U' L' U R U' x'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|r U R' U' r' F R F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' F R U R' U' R U' R U' R U R' F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R U R2' U' R2 U' R2' U2' R U' R U' R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' R U' R' (U2 R U R') (U2 R U R') (U R U' R')|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y x D' R' U R D R' U' R x'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y x D L U' L' D' L U L' x' |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y x' U' R' D R U R' D' R x|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 R' F' r U R U' r' F|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 l' U' L U R U' r' F|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' l U l' F R B' R' F'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 25 ===<br /> [[Image:o25.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|y2 R' F R B' R' F' R B|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' F' r U R' U' r' F R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' x U R' U' L U R U' r'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R' F' L' F R F' L F|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y R' U' (R U R' F') (R U R' U') (R' F R2)|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 R U2' R D R' U2 R D' R2'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 F R' F' r U R U' r'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 l' U R D' R' U' R D x'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 x' L' U' R' U L U' R U|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|x' D R U R' D' R U' l'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|x' U L' U' R U L U' l'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|x' R' D R U' R' D' R U x|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|x R' U R D' R' U' R D x'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 x L U' L' D L U L' D' x'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|l' U' L' U R U' L U x'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|U r U R U' L' U R' U' x'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R U2 R' U' R U R' U' R U R' U' R U' R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R U R' U R U' R' U R U' R' U R U2 R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 L' R U R' U' L U R U' R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|F R B R' F' l U' l'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==No edges flipped correctly==<br /> {|border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot;<br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 1 === <br /> [[Image:o1.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|(R U2) (R2' F R F' U2') (R' F R F')|OLL|vidurl=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_2qaxpViEY}}<br /> {{Alg|R U B' R B R2 U' R' F R F'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 2 === <br /> [[Image:o2.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|F (R U R' U') F' f (R U R' U') f'|OLL|vidurl=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZ4Vm5_FZI&amp;feature=related}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 F' (L' U' L U) F f' (L' U' L U) f|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y r U r' U2 r U2 R' U2 R U' r'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y l' U' l U2 l' U2 L U2 L' U l|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 3 ===<br /> [[Image:o3.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|y f (R U R' U') f' U' F (R U R' U') F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 r' R2 U R' U r U2 r' U R' r|OLL|vidurl=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VIHqsOoGLVc&amp;feature=related}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 M U l' U2 l U L' U L M'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 4 ===<br /> [[Image:o4.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|f (R U R' U') f' U F (R U R' U') F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R' U2 x R' U R U' y R' U' R' U R' F|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y r' R U' r U2 r' U' R U' R2' r|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y M U' r U2' r' U' R U' R' M'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|l L2 U' L U' l' U2 l U' M'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 20 ===<br /> [[Image:o20.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|r' R U R U R' U' r2 R2' U R U' r'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M U R U R' U' M2 U R U' r'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|r U R' U' M2 (U R U' R') U' M'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|(x) U R' U' M2 U R U' M' (x') U' M'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M' U2 M' U2 M' U M U2 M U2 M|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M' U2 M U2 M' U M U2 M' U2 M|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M U2 M' U2 M U M' U2 M U2 M' U'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M U2 M U2 M U M' U2 M' U2 M' U'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M' U M' U M' U M' U M U M U M U M U|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M' U M U M' U2 M' U M' U M U M' U M'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M' U' M U' M' U2 M' U' M' U' M U' M' U' M'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M' U' M U2 M' U' M2 U M' U2 M U M'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M d r2 U M' U2 M U r2 S'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M U M F R' F' M2 F R F' U'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R2 U2 R' F2 U2 R2 F' R2 U2 F2 R U2 R2 U'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R B U B' R' F2 B D' L' D B' F2|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|L' R' F' U2 L2 U2 L2 U2 L2 F L R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|F U2 F' U L' U' B' R' U2 R U' B U L |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|F2 M F2 M2 U' M2 F2 M' F2 U |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|F2 M F2 U' M2 U B2 M B2 |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|F' B' R E S R S' R2 E' F B |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|B' R' B F2 U' R' U' R' F R2 U F2 R |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|B L B' F2 U L U L F' L2 U' F2 L' |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|S U S2 U' L U L S L' U' L' |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|S' U' S2 U R' U' R' S' R U R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|(M U) 4 (M' U) 4|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|(M' U)3 M' U' (M' U)3 M'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 17 ===<br /> [[Image:o17.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|R U R' U (R' F R F') U2 (R' F R F')|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|f (R U R' U') y' r' (R U R' U') R' F R F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|F R' F' l R L' U R U' R' U' M'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> === OLL 18 ===<br /> [[Image:o18.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|y' r U R' U R U2 r2' U' R U' R' U2 r|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 F R U R' d R' U2 R' F R F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R U2 R2 F R F' U2 M' U R U' r'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|l' U' r' U2 L U2 L' U2 r U l|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y (F R' F' R) U2 (F R' F' R)(U' R U' R') |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y x (U R' U' R) B2 (U R' U' R)(B' R B' R') x' |OLL}}<br /> <br /> === OLL 19 ===<br /> [[Image:o19.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|r' U2 R U R' U r2 U2' R' U' R U' r'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R' U2 F R U R' U' y' R2 U2 R B|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|r' R U R U R' U' r R2' F R F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M U R U R' U' r R2' F R F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M U R U R' U' M' l' U R U'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==&quot;P&quot; shapes==<br /> {|border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot;<br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 31 ===<br /> [[Image:o31.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|y (F R' F' R) (U R U R') (U' R U' R')|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|L' d' R d L U' L' B' L|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|S' L' U' L U L F' L' f|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y x U R' U' l U R U R' U' R U' R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 R' U' F U R U' R' F' R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|L' U' B U L U' L' B' L|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 32 ===<br /> [[Image:o32.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|R d L' d' R' U R B R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|S R U R' U' R' F R f'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y x' U' R U l' U' R' U' R U R' U R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R U B' U' R' U R B R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 F U R U' F' r U R' U' r'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 43 ===<br /> [[Image:o43.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|f' L' U' L U f|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|B' U' R' U R B|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 F' U' L' U L F|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|U R U R' F' L' U' L F|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 R' U' F R' F' R U R|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 44 ===<br /> [[Image:o44.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|f R U R' U' f'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 F U R U' R' F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y R U y' L U' L' B'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y F U R' F R F' U' F'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==&quot;W&quot; shapes==<br /> {|border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot;<br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 36 ===<br /> [[Image:o36.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|R' U' R U' R' U R U R B' R' B|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 (L' U' L U') (L' U L U) (L F' L' F)|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|(R U R' U') y (L' U2' L U) y' (R U R')|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 38 ===<br /> [[Image:o38.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|L U L' U L U' L' U' L' B L B'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 R U R' U R U' R' U' R' F R F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|(L' U' L U) y' (R U2 R' U') y (L' U' L)|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==&quot;L&quot; shapes==<br /> {|border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot;<br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> === OLL 48 ===<br /> [[Image:o48.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|F R U R' U' R U R' U' F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 f U R U' R' U R U' R' f'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y r U2 R' U' R U' r' R' U' R U' R' U2 R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' r' U' R U' R' U2 r R U2 R' U' R U' R'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 47 ===<br /> [[Image:o47.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|F' L' U' L U L' U' L U F|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' r U R' U R U2 r' R' U2 R U R' U R|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 53 ===<br /> [[Image:o53.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|l' U' L U' L' U L U' L' U2 l|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' l U2 L U L' U' L U L' U' l'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 r' U' R U' R' U R U' R' U2 r|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' r' U2 R U R' U' R U R' U r|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' r U2 R' U' R U' r' R U2 R' U' R U' R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|r U R' U R U2 r' R U R' U R U2 R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|F R U R' U' F' R U R' U' R' F R F'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 54 ===<br /> [[Image:o54.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|r U R' U R U' R' U R U2 r'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' r U2 R' U' R U R' U' R U' r'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 l U L' U L U' L' U L U2 l' |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y l' U2 L U L' U' L U L' U' l|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 r' U' R U' R' U2 r R' U' R U' R' U2 R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y r' U2 R U R' U r R' U2 R U R' U R|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 49 ===<br /> [[Image:o49.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|R B' R2 F R2 B R2 F' R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|l U' l2' U l2 U l2' U' l|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 r U' r2 U r2 U r2 U' r|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 R' F R' F' R2 d2 y' R' F R F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 r U2 R2' U' R2 U' r'R' U2 R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|(y' x') U l' U2 R U2 l U2 R' U (x)|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' R' U2 R U R' U R F R U R' U' F'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |<br /> === OLL 50 ===<br /> [[Image:o50.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|y2 R' F R2 B' R2 F' R2 B R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 x' R' D R2 U' R2 D' R2 U R' x|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|r' U r2 U' r2' U' r2 U r'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R B' R B R2' U2 F R' F' R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 l' U l2 U' l2 U' l2 U l'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|r' U2 R2' U R2 U rR U2 R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' (R U2 R' U' R U' R') (F R U R' U' F')|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' F' R U2 R' U2 R' F2 R F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|(y x') U' r U2 L' U2 r' U2 L U'(x)|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|U' F' R U2 R' U2 R' F2 R F'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==&quot;C&quot; shapes==<br /> {|border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot;<br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 34 ===<br /> [[Image:o34.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|R U R' U' x D' R' U R E' z'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 R' U' R U y' x' R U L' U' M'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R U R' U' y' r' U' R U M'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|(R U R' U') B' (R' F R F') B|OLL|vidurl=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDAcz_XIljE}}<br /> {{Alg|R U R' d' l' U' L U r' R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R U R2 U' R' F R U R U' F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 F R U R' U' R' F' r U R U' r'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 46 ===<br /> [[Image:o46.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|R' U' R' F R F' U R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R' U' l' U l F' U R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y F U F l' U' l U' F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R U l U' R' U F' l'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 L F U' R U R' F' L'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R U R'2 U' R' F R U R U' F|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==&quot;T&quot; shapes==<br /> {|border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot;<br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 33 ===<br /> [[Image:o33.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|R U R' U' R' F R F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R' U' R U l U' R' U (x)|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 45 ===<br /> [[Image:o45.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|F (R U R' U') F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|f' (U' L' U L) f|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 f (U R U' R') f'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 F' (L' U' L U) F|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==&quot;I&quot; shapes==<br /> {|border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot;<br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 55 ===<br /> [[Image:o55.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|R U2 R2 U' R U' R' U2 F R F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R' U2 R2 U R' U R U2 y l' U' l|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|r U2 R2 F R F' U2 r' F R F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y R' F R U R' F R U' R' F' R U M' U' M|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|L F' L' U' L F' L' U L F L' U' M' U M|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|(L F' L' U' L F' L' U L F L' U' L)(R' F R) L'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R d' R2 D R' U2 R D' R2 d R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y r U2 R' U' R2 r' U R' U' r U' r'|OLL}}<br /> A 4x4x4 special: Note: Rra = (R + r) + (L + l) :: (y) Rr U2 Rra' U2 Rr U2 Rr' U2 Rra U2 Rr'<br /> <br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 56 ===<br /> [[Image:o56.gif]]<br /> {{Alg|r U r' U R U' R' U R U' R' r U' r' |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|r' U' r U' R' U R U' R' U R r' U r|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|L F L' U R U' R' U R U' R' L F' L'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|F R U R' U' R F' r U R' U' r'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R B R' U L U' L' U L U' L' R B' R'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 51 ===<br /> [[Image:o51.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|F U R U' R' U R U' R' F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 f R U R' U' R U R' U' f'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 52 ===<br /> [[Image:o52.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|R' U' R U' R' d R' U R B|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R U R' U R d' R U' R' F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 R' U' x U R' U' R U R' U' R x' U R |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|(R U R' U R U2 R') U (F U R U' R' F')|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Square shapes==<br /> {|border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot;<br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 5 ===<br /> [[Image:o5.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|(r' U2) (R U R' U r)|OLL|vidurl=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=beKUmNDs-Zo&amp;feature=related}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 l' U2 L U L' U l'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 6 ===<br /> [[Image:o6.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|y2 (r U2) (R' U' R U') r'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|l U2 L' U' L U' l'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Big lightning bolt shapes==<br /> {|border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot;<br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 39 ===<br /> [[Image:o39.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|L F' L' U' L U F U' L'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 f' L F L' U' L' U L S|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 R U R' F' U' F U R U2 R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 R B' R' U' R U B U' R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 x' R U' x R' U' R U x' U F' l'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 40 ===<br /> [[Image:o40.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|R' F R U R' U' F' U R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 f R' F' R U R U' R' S'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 L' B L U L' U' B' U L|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Small lightning bolt shapes==<br /> {|border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot;<br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 7 ===<br /> [[Image:o7.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|r U R' U R U2 r'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|F R' F' R U2 R U2 R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|L' U2 L U2 L F' L' F|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 8 ===<br /> [[Image:o8.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|y2 r' U' R U' R' U2 r|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R U2 R' U2 R' F R F'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 11 ===<br /> [[Image:o11.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|r' R2 U R' U R U2 R' U r R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 r U R' U R' F R F' R U2 r'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y F' L' U' L U F y F R U R' U' F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R U R' y' U' R' U' R y U R' F' R U R U' R' F|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y R U' R' U' R U' R' U2 F' U F U' R U R'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 12 ===<br /> [[Image:o12.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|F R U R' U' F' y F R U R' U' F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y F R U R2 F R y' R2 U R U2 R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' r R2 U' R U' R' U2 R U' R r'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Fish shapes==<br /> {|border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot;<br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 9 ===<br /> [[Image:o9.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|y' R' U' R y' x' R U' R' F R U R' x|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' R' U' R x U' R' U y R U y' R U' x'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' R U R' U' R' F R2 U R' U' F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' R' U' R y r U' r' U r U r|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 10 ===<br /> [[Image:o10.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|y' R U R' y R' F R U' R' F' R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' R U R' y' r' U r U' r' U' r|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' R U R' U R' F R F' R U2 R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' R' U' R U R B' R2 U' R U B|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 35 ===<br /> [[Image:o35.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|R U2 R2' F R F' R U2 R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' R' U2 (R l) U' R' U l' U2 R|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 37 ===<br /> [[Image:o37.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|x' U' R U l' U' R' U R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|l U' R' U y' R U R' U' z'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y F R U' R' U' R U R' F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y R' F R F' U' F' U F|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y F R' F' R U R U' R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R B' R' B U B U' B'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Knight move shapes==<br /> {|border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot;<br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 13 ===<br /> [[Image:o13.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|F U R U' R2 F' R U R U' R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|F U R U2 R' U' R U R' F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|r U' r' U' r U r' y' R' U R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 x' R U' R' F' R U R' x y R' U R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 f R U R2 U' R' U R U' f'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 14 ===<br /> [[Image:o14.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|R' F R U R' F' R y' R U' R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' R' U' y' R' U R2 B R' U' R' U R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 B' U' R' U R2 B R' U' R' U R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 x' R U' R' F' R U R' x y R' U R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 r' U r U r' U' r y R U' R'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 15 ===<br /> [[Image:o15.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|y2 l' U' l L' U' L U l' U l|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 R' F' R L' U' L U R' F R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|r' U' r R' U' R U r' U r|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 16 ===<br /> [[Image:o16.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|y2 r U r' R U R' U' r U' r'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 r U M U R' U' r U' r'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 F' R U R' U' R' F R U' y' R' U R U y R U' R'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Awkward shapes==<br /> {|border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot;<br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 29 ===<br /> [[Image:o29.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|y2 R' F R F' R U2 R' d' L' U' L|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 R' F R F' R U2 R' U' y' R' U' R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 R2' U' R F R' U R2' U' R' F' R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y (R U R' U') (R U' R' F') U' (F R U R')|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y R' U2 R2 U R' U' R' U2 F R F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M U (R U R' U') (R' F R F') M'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 r U2 R' U' R U' r' R' U2 R U R' U R|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 30 ===<br /> [[Image:o30.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|y2 F R' F R2 U' R' U' R U R' F2|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|l U' R' U l' U2 d L U L'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|f R U R2 U' R' U R2 U' R' f'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 F U R U' x' U R' D' R U' R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R2' U R' B' R U' R2' U R B R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M U' (L' U' L U) (L F' L' F) M'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 M' U' (R' U' R U) x (R U' R' U) M x|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|r' U2 R U R' U r R U2 R' U' R U' R'|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 41 ===<br /> [[Image:o41.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|R U' R' U2 R U y R U' R' y' U' R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y R U2' R' U' R U' R2 (y) L' U' L U F|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 F U R U' R' F' R' U2 R U R' U R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 R U R' U R U2 R' F R U R' U' F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 r R2 y' R' U' R U y R U' M|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 R2 L z' l' U' R d L U' L l'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' (L F' L' F)*2 L U' L' U L U' L|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 42 ===<br /> [[Image:o42.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|r' R2 y R U R' U' y' R' U M'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R' U' R U F R U R' U' R' U R U' F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|L' U L U2 L' U' y' L' U L U F|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y R' U2 R U R' U R2 y R U R' U' F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y (R' F R F')*2 R U R' U' R U R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 L2 R' z r U L' d' R' U R' r|OLL}}<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==All Corners Oriented==<br /> {|border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot;<br /> |-valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 28 ===<br /> [[Image:o28.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|r U R' U' r' R U R U' R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y r U2 R' U' R U' r' R U R' U R U2 R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|r U R' U R U2 r' R U2 R' U' R U' R'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y r' U' R U' R' U2 r R' U2 R U R' U R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' r' U' R U M' U' R' U R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|r' U2 R U R' U r R' U' R U' R' U2 R|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|F R U R' U' F' U2 F R U R' U' F'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|F R U R' U' F2 L' U' L U F|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M U M' U2 M U M'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y M U' M' U2 M U' M'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 M' U M U2 M' U M|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' M U M2 U M' U2 M U M |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M U M U M' U' M U' M U M |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M U M' U M U2 M' U' M U' M'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y M U' M U' M' U M U M U' M |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 M U' M2 U' M' U2 M U' M |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' M U M' U M U M' U M U M' |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' M' U' M U M U M U' M U' M' U M2|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' M2 U M' U2 M U M U M U2 M' U M|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 M' U M U' M U' M U M U M' U' M2 |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M U' M2 U2 M' U' M U2 M U' M U' M' |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y' M' U' F2 M2 U' M U F2 U M2 |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y2 M' U F2 M2 U M U' F2 U' M2 |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R' F R S R' F' R S' |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|L2 S U' S' U L2 U S U S' |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y L F' L' S' L F L'S |OLL}}<br /> <br /> |<br /> <br /> === OLL 57 ===<br /> [[Image:o57.gif]]<br /> <br /> {{Alg|R U R' U' r R' U R U' r'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|(M' U)3 (M' U2) (M' U)3 M|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|(x') M' U' R U M U' R' U (x)|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|R' U' R U M U' R' U r|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M U M U M U2 M' U M' U M' |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M U M U M U2 M' U M' U M' |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M' U' M' U' M' U2 M U' M U' M|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M U M' U' M U M' U M U2 M'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M' U' M U M' U' M U' M' U2 M|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M U M2 U2 M U M U2 M U' M' U' M'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M' U' M2 U2 M' U' M' U2 M' U M U M|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M2 U' M U M' U M' U' M' U' M' U M |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M2 U' M' U M U M U' M U' M U M' |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y M' U M' U M' U M' U M' U' M' U' M' U' M' |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y M' U M U M' U M U' M' U' M|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y M' U' M U' M' U' M U M' U M|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y M U' M' U' M U' M' U M U M'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|y M U M' U M U M' U' M U' M'|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M U M' U' F2 M U M' U' F2 |OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M' U' M U F2 M' U' M U F2|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|M2 U' F2 U' M' U M2 F2 U M|OLL}}<br /> {{Alg|F M' F U M2 U2 M2 U F' M F' |OLL}}<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> == See Also ==<br /> * [[OLL (2x2x2)]]<br /> * [[2-Look OLL]]<br /> * [[PLL]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Methods]]<br /> [[Category:3x3x3 Methods]]<br /> [[Category:Last Layer Methods]]<br /> [[Category:Cubing Terminology]]<br /> [[Category:Abbreviations and Acronyms]]<br /> [[Category:Algorithms]]<br /> [[Category:Sub Steps]]<br /> <br /> == External Links ==<br /> <br /> * [http://www.kungfoomanchu.com/#333oll Printable OLL PDF] (All OLL algs in one page and color coded)<br /> * [http://mordred.awardspace.us/OLLCheatSheet.pdf OLL Cheat Sheet] (Printable PDF of all OLL algorithms on 2 pages. Can be printed Double Sided)</div>

Hawkmp4 https://www.speedsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=General_Information&diff=666 2008-09-01T02:51:57Z

<p>Hawkmp4: </p> <hr /> <div>The Rubik's Cube is a mechanical puzzle invented in 1974 by Hungarian sculptor and professor of architecture Ernő Rubik. Originally called the &quot;Magic Cube&quot; by its inventor, this puzzle was renamed &quot;Rubik's Cube&quot; by Ideal Toys in 1980 and won the German Game of the Year special award for Best Puzzle that year. It is said to be the world's best-selling toy, with over 300,000,000 Rubik's Cubes and imitations sold worldwide.[2]<br /> <br /> In a classic Rubik's Cube, each of the six faces is covered by 9 stickers, among six solid colours (traditionally being white, yellow, orange, red, blue, and green). A pivot mechanism enables each face to turn independently, thus mixing up the colours. For the puzzle to be solved, each face must be a solid colour.<br /> <br /> The Cube celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary in 2005, when a special edition was released, featuring a sticker in the centre of the reflective face (which replaced the white face) with a &quot;Rubik's Cube 1980-2005&quot; logo, and different packaging. There exist four widely available variations: the 2×2×2 (Pocket Cube, also Mini Cube, Junior Cube, or Ice Cube), the standard 3×3×3 cube, the 4×4×4 (Rubik's Revenge, or Master Cube), and the 5×5×5 (Professor's Cube). Recently, larger sizes are also on the market (V-Cube 6 and V-Cube 7). All of these items belong to a broad category of puzzles commonly referred to as &quot;twisty puzzles&quot;.<br /> <br /> For readability, 3x3x3 is frequently abbreviated 3×3 (and similarly for the other sizes) when there is no ambiguity. Common misspellings include &quot;rubix cube&quot;, &quot;rubics cube&quot;, &quot;rubick's cube&quot;, and &quot;rubiks cube&quot;.<br /> <br /> == Conception and development ==<br /> In March 1970, Larry Nichols invented a 2×2×2 &quot;Puzzle with Pieces Rotatable in Groups&quot; and filed a Canadian patent application for it. Nichols's cube was held together with magnets. Nichols was granted {{US patent|3655201}} on April 11, 1972, two years before Rubik invented his improved cube.<br /> <br /> On April 9, 1970, Frank Fox applied to patent his &quot;Spherical 3×3×3&quot;. He received his UK patent (1344259) on January 16, 1974.<br /> <br /> Rubik invented his &quot;[[wikt:magic cube|Magic Cube]]&quot; in 1974 and obtained Hungarian patent HU170062 for the Magic Cube in 1975 but did not take out international patents. The first test batches of the product were produced in late 1977 and released to [[Budapest]] toy shops. Magic Cube was held together with interlocking plastic pieces that were less expensive to produce than the magnets in Nichols's design. In September 1979, a deal was signed with Ideal Toys to bring the Magic Cube to the Western world, and the puzzle made its international debut at the toy fairs of London, Paris, [[Nuremberg International Toy Fair|Nuremberg]] and New York in January and February 1980.<br /> <br /> After its international debut, the progress of the Cube towards the toy shop shelves of the West was briefly halted so that it could be manufactured to [[Western world|Western]] safety and packaging specifications. A lighter Cube was produced, and Ideal Toys decided to rename it. &quot;[[Gordian Knot|The Gordian Knot]]&quot; and &quot;Inca Gold&quot; were considered, but the company finally decided on &quot;Rubik's Cube&quot;, and the first batch was exported from [[Hungary]] in May 1980. Taking advantage of an initial shortage of Cubes, many cheap imitations appeared.<br /> <br /> Nichols assigned his patent to his employer Moleculon Research Corp., which sued Ideal Toy Company in 1982. In 1984, Ideal lost the patent infringement suit and appealed. In 1986, the appeals court affirmed the judgment that Rubik's 2×2×2 Pocket Cube infringed Nichols's patent, but overturned the judgment on Rubik's 3×3×3 Cube.&lt;ref&gt;[http://digital-law-online.info/cases/229PQ805.htm Moleculon Research Corporation v. CBS, Inc.]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Even while Rubik's patent application was being processed, Terutoshi Ishigi, a self-taught engineer and ironworks owner near Tokyo, filed for a Japanese patent for a nearly identical mechanism and was granted patent JP55‒8192 (1976); Ishigi's is generally accepted as an independent reinvention.&lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{cite book<br /> |author = Hofstadter, Douglas R.<br /> |title = Metamagical Themas<br /> |publisher = Basic Books<br /> |year = 1985<br /> }}Hofstadter gives the name as &quot;Ishige&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://cubeman.org/cchrono.txt&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa040497.htm The History of Rubik's Cube - Erno Rubik&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Rubik applied for another Hungarian patent on [[October 28]], [[1980]], and applied for other patents. In the United States, Rubik was granted {{US patent|4378116}} on [[March 29]], [[1983]], for the Cube.<br /> <br /> Greek inventor Panagiotis Verdes patented a method of creating cubes beyond the 5×5×5, up to 11×11×11. His designs, which include improved mechanisms for the 3×3×3, 4×4×4, and 5×5×5, are suitable for [[speedcubing]], whereas existing designs for cubes larger than 5×5×5 are prone to break. As of [[June 19]], [[2008]], 5x5x5, 6x6x6, and 7x7x7 models are available.<br /> <br /> ==Workings==<br /> <br /> [[Image:Disassembled-rubix-1.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Rubik's Cube partially disassembled.]]<br /> <br /> A standard cube measures approximately 2¼ inches (5.7 cm) on each side.<br /> The puzzle consists of the twenty-six unique miniature cubes on the surface. However, the centre cube of each face is merely a single square façade; all are affixed to the core mechanisms. These provide structure for the other pieces to fit into and rotate around. So there are twenty-one pieces: a single core piece consisting of three intersecting axes holding the six centre squares in place but letting them rotate, and twenty smaller plastic pieces which fit into it to form the assembled puzzle. The Cube can be taken apart without much difficulty, typically by turning one side through a 45° angle and prying an edge cube away from a centre cube until it dislodges. However, as prying loose a corner cube is a good way to break off a centre cube — thus ruining the Cube — it is far safer to lever a centre cube out using a screwdriver. It is a very simple process to solve a Cube by taking it apart and reassembling it in a solved state. There are twelve edge pieces which show two coloured sides each, and eight corner pieces which show three colours. Each piece shows a unique colour combination, but not all combinations are present (for example, if red and orange are on opposite sides of the solved Cube, there is no edge piece with both red and orange sides). The location of these cubes relative to one another can be altered by twisting an outer third of the Cube 90°, 180° or 270°, but the location of the coloured sides relative to one another in the completed state of the puzzle cannot be altered: it is fixed by the relative positions of the centre squares and the distribution of colour combinations on edge and corner pieces.<br /> <br /> For most recent Cubes, the colours of the stickers are red opposite orange, yellow opposite white, and green opposite blue. However, Cubes with alternative colour arrangements also exist; for example, they might have the yellow face opposite the green, and the blue face opposite the white (with red and orange opposite faces remaining unchanged).<br /> <br /> Douglas R. Hofstader, in the July 1982 ''Scientific American'', pointed out that Cubes could be coloured in such a way as to emphasise the corners or edges, rather than the faces as the standard colouring does; but neither of these alternative colourings has ever been produced commercially.{{cn|date=July 2008}}<br /> <br /> ===Permutations===<br /> A normal (3×3×3) Rubik's Cube has eight corners and twelve edges. There are [[factorial|8!]] ways to arrange the corner cubies. Seven can be oriented independently, and the orientation of the eighth depends on the preceding seven, giving 3&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt; possibilities. There are 12!/2 ways to arrange the edges, since an odd permutation of the corners implies an odd permutation of the edges as well. Eleven edges can be flipped independently, with the flip of the twelfth depending on the preceding ones, giving 2&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt; possibilities.&lt;ref&gt;Martin Schönert ''[http://www.gap-system.org/Doc/Examples/rubik.html &quot;Analyzing Rubik's Cube with GAP&quot;]'': the [[permutation group]] of Rubik's Cube is examined with [[GAP computer algebra system]]&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> :&lt;math&gt; {8! \cdot 3^7 \cdot 12! \cdot 2^{10}} \approx 4.33 \cdot 10^{19}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> There are exactly 43,252,003,274,489,856,000 possibilities. In other words, there are forty-three [[quintillion]] ([[short scale]]) or forty-three trillion ([[long scale]]). The puzzle is often advertised as having only &quot;[[1000000000 (number)|billions]]&quot; of positions, as the larger numbers could be regarded as incomprehensible to many. To put this into perspective, if every permutation of a 57-[[millimeter]] Rubik's Cube were lined up end to end, it would stretch out approximately 261 [[light years]].<br /> <br /> The preceding figure is limited to permutations that can be reached solely by turning the sides of the cube. If one considers permuations reached through disassembly of the cube, the number becomes twelve times as large:<br /> :&lt;math&gt; {8! \cdot 3^8 \cdot 12! \cdot 2^{12}} \approx 5.19 \cdot 10^{20}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The full number is 519,024,039,293,878,272,000 or 519 [[quintillion]] (on the [[short scale]]) possible arrangements of the pieces that make up the Cube, but only one in twelve of these are actually solveable. This is because there is no sequence of moves that will swap a single pair of pieces or rotate a single corner or edge cube. Thus there are twelve possible sets of reachable configurations, sometimes called &quot;universes&quot; or &quot;[[orbit (group theory)|orbits]]&quot;, into which the Cube can be placed by dismantling and reassembling it.<br /> <br /> Despite the vast number of positions, all Cubes can be solved in twenty-five or fewer moves (see [[Optimal solutions for Rubik's Cube]]).<br /> &lt;ref name=D.Kunkle&gt;<br /> {{cite conference<br /> | first = D.<br /> | last = Kunkle<br /> | coauthors = Cooperman, C.<br /> | title = Twenty-Six Moves Suffice for Rubik's Cube<br /> | booktitle = Proceedings of the International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (ISSAC '07)<br /> | year = 2007 <br /> | publisher = ACM Press<br /> | url = http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/gene/papers/rubik.pdf<br /> }}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{cite conference<br /> | last = KFC<br /> | title = Rubik’s cube proof cut to 25 moves<br /> | year = 2008 <br /> | url = http://arxivblog.com/?p=332<br /> }}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> The large number of permutations is often given as a measure of the Rubik's cube's complexity. However, the puzzle's difficulty does not necessarily follow from the large number of permutations. The problem of putting the 26 letters of the alphabet in alphabetical order has a larger complexity (26! = 4.03 × 10&lt;sup&gt;26&lt;/sup&gt; possible orderings), but is less difficult.<br /> <br /> ===Centre faces===<br /> The original (official) Rubik's Cube has no orientation markings on the centre faces, although some carried the words &quot;Rubik's Cube&quot; on the centre square of the white face, and therefore solving it does not require any attention to orienting those faces correctly. However, if one has a marker pen, one could, for example, mark the central squares of an unshuffled Cube with four coloured marks on each edge, each corresponding to the colour of the adjacent face. Some Cubes have also been produced commercially with markings on all of the squares, such as the [[Lo Shu Square|Lo Shu]] [[magic square]] or [[playing card]] [[suit (cards)|suit]]s. Thus one can scramble and then unscramble the Cube yet have the markings on the centers rotated, and it becomes an additional test to &quot;solve&quot; the centers as well. This is known as &quot;supercubing&quot;{{Fact|date=September 2007}}.<br /> <br /> Putting markings on the Rubik's Cube increases the difficulty mainly because it expands the set of distinguishable possible configurations. When the Cube is unscrambled apart from the orientations of the central squares, there will always be an even number of squares requiring a quarter turn. Thus there are 4&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;/2 = 2,048 possible configurations of the centre squares in the otherwise unscrambled position, increasing the total number of possible Cube permutations from 43,252,003,274,489,856,000 (4.3×10&lt;sup&gt;19&lt;/sup&gt;) to 88,580,102,706,155,225,088,000 (8.9×10&lt;sup&gt;22&lt;/sup&gt;).<br /> <br /> ==Solutions==<br /> {{wikibooks|How to solve the Rubik's Cube}}<br /> <br /> Many general solutions for the Rubik's Cube have been discovered independently. The most popular method was developed by [[David Singmaster]] and published in the book ''Notes on Rubik's &quot;Magic Cube&quot;'' in 1981. This solution involves solving the Cube layer by layer, in which one layer, designated the top, is solved first, followed by the middle layer, and then the final and bottom layer. After practice, solving the Cube layer by layer can be done in under one minute. Other general solutions include &quot;corners first&quot; methods or combinations of several other methods.<br /> Most tutorials teach the layer by layer method, as it gives an easy-to-understand step-by-step guide on how to solve it.<br /> <br /> Speedcubing solutions have been developed for solving the Rubik's Cube as quickly as possible. The most common speedcubing solution was developed by [[Jessica Fridrich]]. It is a very efficient layer-by-layer method that requires a large number of algorithms (see below), especially for orienting and permuting the last layer. The first-layer corners and second layer are done simultaneously, with each corner paired up with a second-layer edge piece. Another well-known method was developed by [[Lars Petrus]]. In this method, a 2×2×2 section is solved first, followed by a 2×2×3, and then the incorrect edges are solved using a three-move algorithm, which eliminates the need for a possible 32-move algorithm later. <br /> One of the advantages of this method is that it tends to give solutions in fewer moves. For this reason, the method is also popular for fewest move competitions.<br /> <br /> Solutions follow a series of steps and include a set of algorithms for solving each step. An algorithm, also known as a process or an operator, is a series of twists that accomplishes a particular goal. For instance, one algorithm might switch the locations of three corner pieces, while leaving the rest of the pieces in place. Basic solutions require learning as few as four or five algorithms but are generally inefficient, needing around 100 twists on average to solve an entire Cube. In comparison, [[Fridrich Method|Fridrich's advanced solution]] requires learning roughly 120 algorithms but allows the Cube to be solved in only 55 moves on average. A different kind of solution developed by Ryan Heise&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ryanheise.com/cube/ Ryan Heise's method]&lt;/ref&gt; uses no algorithms but rather teaches a set of underlying principles that can be used to solve in fewer than 40 moves. A number of complete solutions can also be found in any of the books listed in the bibliography, and most can be used to solve any Cube in under five minutes. <br /> === Algorithms ===<br /> In Rubik's cubists' parlance, an ''algorithm'' means &quot;a memorized sequence of moves whose effect on the cube is known&quot;. This fully conforms with the mathematical and logical use of [[algorithm]] defined as ''a list of well-defined instructions for completing a task from a given initial state, through well-defined successive states, to a desired end-state''. A Rubik's cube algorithm transforms the state of the cube in such a way that a small part of the cube becomes solved without &quot;scrambling&quot; any parts that have previously been solved, or else places the cube in a state from which the solver knows it can now be partly, or fully, solved by the application of further algorithms.<br /> <br /> For instance, if we label the six sides of a cube like the six sides of a die, the sequence of movements 116622553344 will have a definite effect, namely, it will transform a solved cube into a cube with an &quot;X&quot; design in each face. More complicated sequences of movements will have more useful results, such as swapping three corners of the third layer without moving any other pieces. The sequences that are useful to solve the cube are called &quot;algorithms&quot;.<br /> <br /> === The search for optimal solutions ===<br /> {{main|Optimal solutions for Rubik's Cube}}<br /> The manual solution methods described above are intended to be easy to learn, but much effort has gone into finding even faster solutions to the Rubik's Cube. <br /> <br /> In 1982, David Singmaster and Alexander Frey hypothesized that the number of moves needed to solve the Rubik's Cube, given an ideal algorithm, might be in &quot;the low twenties&quot;. In 2007, Daniel Kunkle and Gene Cooperman used computer search methods to demonstrate that any 3×3×3 Rubik's Cube configuration can be solved in a maximum of 26 moves. <br /> &lt;ref name=D.Kunkle /&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://blog.sciencenews.org/mathtrek/2007/08/cracking_the_cube.html<br /> |title=Cracking the Cube<br /> |author=Julie J. Rehmeyer<br /> |publisher=MathTrek<br /> |accessdate=2007-08-09}}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> In 2008, Tomas Rokicki lowered the maximum to 22 moves.<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://arxiv.org/abs/0803.3435<br /> |title=Twenty-Five Moves Suffice for Rubik's Cube<br /> |author=Tom Rokicki<br /> |accessdate=2008-03-24}}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://science.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=08/06/05/2054249<br /> |title=Rubik's Cube Algorithm Cut Again, Down to 23 Moves<br /> |publisher=[http://slashdot.org ''Slashdot'']<br /> |accessdate=2008-06-05}}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://cubezzz.homelinux.org/drupal/?q=node/view/121<br /> |title=Twenty-Two Moves Suffice<br /> |author=Tom Rokicki<br /> |accessdate=2008-08-20}}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Work continues to try to reduce the upper bound on optimal solutions. <br /> The arrangement known as the super-flip, where every edge is in its correct position but flipped, requires 20 moves to be solved (Using the [[#move notations|notations]] explained below, these are: U R2 F B R B2 R U2 L B2 R U' D' R2 F R' L B2 U2 F2.). No arrangement of the Rubik's Cube has been discovered so far that requires more than 20 moves to solve.<br /> <br /> ===Move notation===<br /> [[Image:Rubik's cube.svg|thumb|right|200px|Rubik's Cube in a tilted state.]]<br /> [[Image:Rubiks cube solved.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Rubik's Cube in solved state.]]<br /> <br /> Most 3×3×3 Rubik's Cube solution guides use the same notation, originated by David Singmaster, to communicate sequences of moves. This is generally referred to as &quot;cube notation&quot; or in some literature &quot;Singmaster notation&quot; (or variations thereof), or sometimes (but rarely) it is called &quot;direction inferred notation&quot; or &quot;DIN&quot;. Its relative nature allows [[algorithms]] to be written in such a way that they can be applied regardless of which side is designated the top or how the colours are organized on a particular cube.<br /> <br /> *''F'' (Front): the side currently facing you<br /> *''B'' (Back): the side opposite the front<br /> *''U'' (Up): the side above or on top of the front side<br /> *''D'' (Down): the side opposite the top, underneath the Cube<br /> *''L'' (Left): the side directly to the left of the front<br /> *''R'' (Right): the side directly to the right of the front<br /> *''f'' (Front two layers): the side facing you and the corresponding middle layer<br /> *''b'' (Back two layers): the side opposite the front and the corresponding middle layer<br /> *''u'' (Up two layers) : the top side and the corresponding middle layer<br /> *''d'' (Down two layers) : the bottom layer and the corresponding middle layer<br /> *''l'' (Left two layers) : the side to the left of the front and the corresponding middle layer<br /> *''r'' (Right two layers) : the side to the right of the front and the corresponding middle layer<br /> *''x'' (rotate): rotate the Cube up<br /> *''y'' (rotate): rotate the Cube to the left<br /> *''z'' (rotate): rotate the Cube on its side to the right<br /> <br /> When an apostrophe follows a letter, it means to turn the face counter-clockwise a quarter-turn, while a letter without an apostrophe means to turn it a quarter-turn clockwise. Such an apostrophe mark is pronounced ''prime''. A letter followed by a 2 (occasionally a superscript ²) means to turn the face a half-turn (the direction does not matter). So ''R'' is right side clockwise, but ''R''' is right side counter-clockwise. When ''x'', ''y'' or ''z'' are primed, simply rotate the cube in the opposite direction. When they are squared, rotate it twice. For 'z', you should still be viewing the same front face when rotating.<br /> <br /> This notation can also be used on the Pocket Cube, the Revenge, and the Professor, with additional notation. They not only have the ''F'', ''B'', ''L'', ''R'', ''U'', ''D'' notation but also ''f'', ''b'', ''l'', ''r'', ''u'', ''d''. For example: ''(Rr)' l2 f'''<br /> <br /> (Some solution guides, including Ideal's official publication, ''The Ideal Solution'', use slightly different conventions. Top and Bottom are used rather than Up and Down for the top and bottom faces, with Back being replaced by Posterior. '+' indicates clockwise rotation and '-' counter-clockwise, with '++' representing a half-turn. However, alternative notations failed to catch on, and today the Singmaster scheme is used universally by those interested in the puzzle.)<br /> <br /> Less-often used moves include rotating the entire Cube or two-thirds of it. The letters ''x'', ''y'', and ''z'' are used to indicate that the entire Cube should be turned about one of its axes. The ''x''-axis is the line that passes through the left and right faces, the ''y''-axis is the line that passes through the up and down faces, and the ''z''-axis is the line that passes through the front and back faces. (This type of move is used infrequently in most solutions, to the extent that some solutions simply say &quot;stop and turn the whole cube upside-down&quot; or something similar at the appropriate point.)<br /> <br /> However there is another (less common) system of move notation. It is very similar to cube notation, but has a key difference that makes it less daunting to new cube solvers. It is called &quot;direction displayed notation&quot; or &quot;DDN&quot;. Each move is represented by two letters. The first<br /> indicates which side is to be moved, the second indicates which direction that side is turned. from the ''F'' point of view.<br /> <br /> *''F'' (Front): The side facing you. &quot;R&quot; means turn it right or clockwise. &quot;L&quot; means turn it left or counter-clockwise.<br /> *''U'' (Up): The side on top. &quot;R&quot; means turn it right (from the F perspective). &quot;L&quot; means turn it left (from the F perspective).<br /> *''D'' (Down): The side on the bottom. &quot;R&quot; means turn it right (from the F perspective). &quot;L&quot; means turn it left (from the F perspective).<br /> *''R'' (Right): The side to right. &quot;D&quot; means turn it downward (from the F perspective). &quot;U&quot; means turn it upward (from the F perspective).<br /> *''L'' (Left): &quot;D&quot; means turn it downward (from the F perspective). &quot;U&quot; means turn it upward (from the F perspective).<br /> <br /> *''B'' (Back): The side opposite from the side facing you. This side is hardly ever used in algorithms of any notation let alone direction displayed notation. However if you need to know, first turn the entire cube so that the ''B'' side faces you then rotate it as if you were rotating the ''F'' side. &quot;R&quot; means turn it right or clockwise. &quot;L&quot; means turn it left or counter-clockwise.<br /> <br /> To indicate a half move just put a 2 at the end of the first letter. To indicate rotation of the cube as a whole, use the same notation for direction displayed notation as one would for Singmaster notation. (''x'' ''y'' ''z'') <br /> <br /> Lowercase letters ''f'', ''b'', ''u'', ''d'', ''l'', and ''r'' signify to move the first ''two'' layers of that face while keeping the remaining layer in place. This is of course equivalent to rotating the whole cube in that direction, then rotating the opposite face back the same amount in the opposite direction, but is useful notation to describe certain triggers for speedcubing. Furthermore, ''M'', ''E'', and ''S'' (and respectively their lowercase for larger sized cubes) are used for inner-slice movements. ''M'' signifies turning the layer that is between ''L'' and ''R'' downward (clockwise if looking from the left side). ''E'' signifies turning the layer between ''U'' and ''D'' towards the right (counter-clockwise if looking from the top). ''S'' signifies turning the layer between ''F'' and ''B'' clockwise.<br /> <br /> For example, the [[algorithm]] (or operator, or sequence) ''F2 U' R' L F2 R L' U' F2'', which cycles three edge cubes in the top layer without affecting any other part of the cube, means:<br /> <br /> #Turn the Front face 180 degrees.<br /> #Turn the Up face 90 degrees counter-clockwise.<br /> #Turn the Right face 90 degrees counter-clockwise.<br /> #Turn the Left face 90 degrees clockwise.<br /> #Turn the Front face 180 degrees.<br /> #Turn the Right face 90 degrees clockwise.<br /> #Turn the Left face 90 degrees counter-clockwise.<br /> #Turn the Up face 90 degrees counter-clockwise.<br /> #Finally, turn the Front face 180 degrees. <br /> <br /> For beginning students of the Cube, this notation can be daunting, and many solutions available online therefore incorporate animations that demonstrate the [[algorithm]]s presented. <br /> <br /> 4×4×4 and larger cubes use slightly different notation to incorporate the middle layers. Generally speaking, uppercase letters (''F B U D L R'') refer to the outermost portions of the cube (called faces). Lowercase letters (''f b u d l r'') refer to the inner portions of the cube (called slices). Again Ideal breaks rank by describing their 4×4×4 solution in terms of layers (vertical slices that rotate about the ''z''-axis), tables (horizontal slices), and books (vertical slices that rotate about the ''x''-axis).<br /> <br /> ===Competitions and record times===<br /> <br /> Many [[speedcubing]] competitions have been held to determine who can solve the Rubik's Cube in the shortest time. The number of contests is going up every year; there were 72 official competitions from 2003 to 2006; 33 were in 2006 alone. <br /> <br /> The first world championship organized by the ''Guinness Book of World Records'' was held in [[Munich]] on [[March 13]], [[1981]]. All Cubes were moved 40 times and rubbed with [[petroleum jelly]]. The official winner, with a record of 38 seconds, was Jury Froeschl, born in [[Munich]].<br /> <br /> The first international world championship was held in [[Budapest]] on [[June 5]], [[1982]], and was won by [[Minh Thai]], a Vietnamese student from [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]], with a time of 22.95 seconds. <br /> <br /> Since 2003, competitions are decided by the best average (middle three of five attempts); but the single best time of all tries is also recorded. <br /> The [[World Cube Association]] maintains a history of world records<br /> &lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{cite web<br /> |title=World Cube Association Official Results<br /> |publisher=[http://www.worldcubeassociation.org/ ''World Cube Association'']<br /> |url=http://www.worldcubeassociation.org/results/regions.php?regionId=&amp;eventId=333&amp;years=&amp;history=History<br /> |accessdate=2008-02-16}}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;. <br /> In 2004, the WCA made it mandatory to use a special timing device called a [[Stackmat timer]].<br /> <br /> The [http://www.worldcubeassociation.org/results/regions.php current world record] for single time is set by [[Erik Akkersdijk]] in 2008, he set a best time of 7.08 at the Czech Open 2008. The world record average solve is by Yu Nakajima, when he set a world record average of 11.28 seconds on [[May 4]], [[2008]].<br /> <br /> ===Alternative competitions===<br /> <br /> In addition, informal alternative competitions have been held, inviting participants to solve the Cube under unusual situations. These include:<br /> *Blindfolded solving&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.worldcubeassociation.org/results/events.php?eventId=333bf&amp;regionId=&amp;years=&amp;show=100%2BPersons&amp;single=Single Rubik's 3x3x3 Cube: Blindfolded records]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Solving the Cube with one person blindfolded and the other person saying what moves to do, known as &quot;Team Blindfold&quot;<br /> *Solving the Cube underwater in a single breath&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.speedcubing.com/records/recs_fun_underwater.html Rubik's Cube 3x3x3: Underwater]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Solving the Cube using a single hand&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.worldcubeassociation.org/results/events.php?eventId=333oh&amp;regionId=&amp;years=&amp;show=100%2BPersons&amp;single=Single Rubik's 3x3x3 Cube: One-handed]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Solving the Cube with one's feet&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.worldcubeassociation.org/results/events.php?eventId=333ft&amp;regionId=&amp;years=only%2B2006&amp;show=100%2BPersons&amp;single=Single Rubik's 3x3x3 Cube: With feet]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Of these informal competitions, the World Cube Association only sanctions blindfolded, one-handed, and feet solving as official competition events.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.worldcubeassociation.org/regulations/#events<br /> |title=Competition Regulations, Article 9: Events<br /> |publisher=World Cube Association <br /> |date = 2008-04-09<br /> |accessdate=2008-04-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div>

Hawkmp4 https://www.speedsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=General_Information&diff=665 2008-09-01T02:40:40Z

<p>Hawkmp4: </p> <hr /> <div>The Rubik's Cube is a mechanical puzzle invented in 1974 by Hungarian sculptor and professor of architecture Ernő Rubik. Originally called the &quot;Magic Cube&quot; by its inventor, this puzzle was renamed &quot;Rubik's Cube&quot; by Ideal Toys in 1980 and won the German Game of the Year special award for Best Puzzle that year. It is said to be the world's best-selling toy, with over 300,000,000 Rubik's Cubes and imitations sold worldwide.[2]<br /> <br /> In a classic Rubik's Cube, each of the six faces is covered by 9 stickers, among six solid colours (traditionally being white, yellow, orange, red, blue, and green). A pivot mechanism enables each face to turn independently, thus mixing up the colours. For the puzzle to be solved, each face must be a solid colour.<br /> <br /> The Cube celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary in 2005, when a special edition was released, featuring a sticker in the centre of the reflective face (which replaced the white face) with a &quot;Rubik's Cube 1980-2005&quot; logo, and different packaging. There exist four widely available variations: the 2×2×2 (Pocket Cube, also Mini Cube, Junior Cube, or Ice Cube), the standard 3×3×3 cube, the 4×4×4 (Rubik's Revenge, or Master Cube), and the 5×5×5 (Professor's Cube). Recently, larger sizes are also on the market (V-Cube 6 and V-Cube 7). All of these items belong to a broad category of puzzles commonly referred to as &quot;twisty puzzles&quot;.<br /> <br /> For readability, 3x3x3 is frequently abbreviated 3×3 (and similarly for the other sizes) when there is no ambiguity. Common misspellings include &quot;rubix cube&quot;, &quot;rubics cube&quot;, &quot;rubick's cube&quot;, and &quot;rubiks cube&quot;.<br /> <br /> == Conception and development ==<br /> In March 1970, Larry Nichols invented a 2×2×2 &quot;Puzzle with Pieces Rotatable in Groups&quot; and filed a Canadian patent application for it. Nichols's cube was held together with magnets. Nichols was granted {{US patent|3655201}} on April 11, 1972, two years before Rubik invented his improved cube.<br /> <br /> On April 9, 1970, Frank Fox applied to patent his &quot;Spherical 3×3×3&quot;. He received his UK patent (1344259) on January 16, 1974.<br /> <br /> Rubik invented his &quot;[[wikt:magic cube|Magic Cube]]&quot; in 1974 and obtained Hungarian patent HU170062 for the Magic Cube in 1975 but did not take out international patents. The first test batches of the product were produced in late 1977 and released to [[Budapest]] toy shops. Magic Cube was held together with interlocking plastic pieces that were less expensive to produce than the magnets in Nichols's design. In September 1979, a deal was signed with Ideal Toys to bring the Magic Cube to the Western world, and the puzzle made its international debut at the toy fairs of London, Paris, [[Nuremberg International Toy Fair|Nuremberg]] and New York in January and February 1980.<br /> <br /> After its international debut, the progress of the Cube towards the toy shop shelves of the West was briefly halted so that it could be manufactured to [[Western world|Western]] safety and packaging specifications. A lighter Cube was produced, and Ideal Toys decided to rename it. &quot;[[Gordian Knot|The Gordian Knot]]&quot; and &quot;Inca Gold&quot; were considered, but the company finally decided on &quot;Rubik's Cube&quot;, and the first batch was exported from [[Hungary]] in May 1980. Taking advantage of an initial shortage of Cubes, many cheap imitations appeared.<br /> <br /> Nichols assigned his patent to his employer Moleculon Research Corp., which sued Ideal Toy Company in 1982. In 1984, Ideal lost the patent infringement suit and appealed. In 1986, the appeals court affirmed the judgment that Rubik's 2×2×2 Pocket Cube infringed Nichols's patent, but overturned the judgment on Rubik's 3×3×3 Cube.&lt;ref&gt;[http://digital-law-online.info/cases/229PQ805.htm Moleculon Research Corporation v. CBS, Inc.]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Even while Rubik's patent application was being processed, Terutoshi Ishigi, a self-taught engineer and ironworks owner near Tokyo, filed for a Japanese patent for a nearly identical mechanism and was granted patent JP55‒8192 (1976); Ishigi's is generally accepted as an independent reinvention.&lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{cite book<br /> |author = Hofstadter, Douglas R.<br /> |title = Metamagical Themas<br /> |publisher = Basic Books<br /> |year = 1985<br /> }}Hofstadter gives the name as &quot;Ishige&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://cubeman.org/cchrono.txt&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa040497.htm The History of Rubik's Cube - Erno Rubik&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Rubik applied for another Hungarian patent on [[October 28]], [[1980]], and applied for other patents. In the United States, Rubik was granted {{US patent|4378116}} on [[March 29]], [[1983]], for the Cube.<br /> <br /> Greek inventor Panagiotis Verdes patented a method of creating cubes beyond the 5×5×5, up to 11×11×11. His designs, which include improved mechanisms for the 3×3×3, 4×4×4, and 5×5×5, are suitable for [[speedcubing]], whereas existing designs for cubes larger than 5×5×5 are prone to break. As of [[June 19]], [[2008]], 5x5x5, 6x6x6, and 7x7x7 models are available.<br /> <br /> ==Workings==<br /> <br /> [[Image:Disassembled-rubix-1.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Rubik's Cube partially disassembled.]]<br /> <br /> A standard cube measures approximately 2¼ inches (5.7 cm) on each side.<br /> The puzzle consists of the twenty-six unique miniature cubes on the surface. However, the centre cube of each face is merely a single square façade; all are affixed to the core mechanisms. These provide structure for the other pieces to fit into and rotate around. So there are twenty-one pieces: a single core piece consisting of three intersecting axes holding the six centre squares in place but letting them rotate, and twenty smaller plastic pieces which fit into it to form the assembled puzzle. The Cube can be taken apart without much difficulty, typically by turning one side through a 45° angle and prying an edge cube away from a centre cube until it dislodges. However, as prying loose a corner cube is a good way to break off a centre cube — thus ruining the Cube — it is far safer to lever a centre cube out using a screwdriver. It is a very simple process to solve a Cube by taking it apart and reassembling it in a solved state. There are twelve edge pieces which show two coloured sides each, and eight corner pieces which show three colours. Each piece shows a unique colour combination, but not all combinations are present (for example, if red and orange are on opposite sides of the solved Cube, there is no edge piece with both red and orange sides). The location of these cubes relative to one another can be altered by twisting an outer third of the Cube 90°, 180° or 270°, but the location of the coloured sides relative to one another in the completed state of the puzzle cannot be altered: it is fixed by the relative positions of the centre squares and the distribution of colour combinations on edge and corner pieces.<br /> <br /> For most recent Cubes, the colours of the stickers are red opposite orange, yellow opposite white, and green opposite blue. However, Cubes with alternative colour arrangements also exist; for example, they might have the yellow face opposite the green, and the blue face opposite the white (with red and orange opposite faces remaining unchanged).<br /> <br /> Douglas R. Hofstader, in the July 1982 ''Scientific American'', pointed out that Cubes could be coloured in such a way as to emphasise the corners or edges, rather than the faces as the standard colouring does; but neither of these alternative colourings has ever been produced commercially.{{cn|date=July 2008}}<br /> <br /> ===Permutations===<br /> A normal (3×3×3) Rubik's Cube has eight corners and twelve edges. There are [[factorial|8!]] ways to arrange the corner cubies. Seven can be oriented independently, and the orientation of the eighth depends on the preceding seven, giving 3&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt; possibilities. There are 12!/2 ways to arrange the edges, since an odd permutation of the corners implies an odd permutation of the edges as well. Eleven edges can be flipped independently, with the flip of the twelfth depending on the preceding ones, giving 2&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt; possibilities.&lt;ref&gt;Martin Schönert ''[http://www.gap-system.org/Doc/Examples/rubik.html &quot;Analyzing Rubik's Cube with GAP&quot;]'': the [[permutation group]] of Rubik's Cube is examined with [[GAP computer algebra system]]&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> :&lt;math&gt; {8! \cdot 3^7 \cdot 12! \cdot 2^{10}} \approx 4.33 \cdot 10^{19}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> There are exactly 43,252,003,274,489,856,000 possibilities. In other words, there are forty-three [[quintillion]] ([[short scale]]) or forty-three trillion ([[long scale]]). The puzzle is often advertised as having only &quot;[[1000000000 (number)|billions]]&quot; of positions, as the larger numbers could be regarded as incomprehensible to many. To put this into perspective, if every permutation of a 57-[[millimeter]] Rubik's Cube were lined up end to end, it would stretch out approximately 261 [[light years]].<br /> <br /> The preceding figure is limited to permutations that can be reached solely by turning the sides of the cube. If one considers permuations reached through disassembly of the cube, the number becomes twelve times as large:<br /> :&lt;math&gt; {8! \cdot 3^8 \cdot 12! \cdot 2^{12}} \approx 5.19 \cdot 10^{20}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The full number is 519,024,039,293,878,272,000 or 519 [[quintillion]] (on the [[short scale]]) possible arrangements of the pieces that make up the Cube, but only one in twelve of these are actually solveable. This is because there is no sequence of moves that will swap a single pair of pieces or rotate a single corner or edge cube. Thus there are twelve possible sets of reachable configurations, sometimes called &quot;universes&quot; or &quot;[[orbit (group theory)|orbits]]&quot;, into which the Cube can be placed by dismantling and reassembling it.<br /> <br /> Despite the vast number of positions, all Cubes can be solved in twenty-five or fewer moves (see [[Optimal solutions for Rubik's Cube]]).<br /> &lt;ref name=D.Kunkle&gt;<br /> {{cite conference<br /> | first = D.<br /> | last = Kunkle<br /> | coauthors = Cooperman, C.<br /> | title = Twenty-Six Moves Suffice for Rubik's Cube<br /> | booktitle = Proceedings of the International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (ISSAC '07)<br /> | year = 2007 <br /> | publisher = ACM Press<br /> | url = http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/gene/papers/rubik.pdf<br /> }}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{cite conference<br /> | last = KFC<br /> | title = Rubik’s cube proof cut to 25 moves<br /> | year = 2008 <br /> | url = http://arxivblog.com/?p=332<br /> }}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> The large number of permutations is often given as a measure of the Rubik's cube's complexity. However, the puzzle's difficulty does not necessarily follow from the large number of permutations. The problem of putting the 26 letters of the alphabet in alphabetical order has a larger complexity (26! = 4.03 × 10&lt;sup&gt;26&lt;/sup&gt; possible orderings), but is less difficult.<br /> <br /> ===Centre faces===<br /> The original (official) Rubik's Cube has no orientation markings on the centre faces, although some carried the words &quot;Rubik's Cube&quot; on the centre square of the white face, and therefore solving it does not require any attention to orienting those faces correctly. However, if one has a marker pen, one could, for example, mark the central squares of an unshuffled Cube with four coloured marks on each edge, each corresponding to the colour of the adjacent face. Some Cubes have also been produced commercially with markings on all of the squares, such as the [[Lo Shu Square|Lo Shu]] [[magic square]] or [[playing card]] [[suit (cards)|suit]]s. Thus one can scramble and then unscramble the Cube yet have the markings on the centers rotated, and it becomes an additional test to &quot;solve&quot; the centers as well. This is known as &quot;supercubing&quot;{{Fact|date=September 2007}}.<br /> <br /> Putting markings on the Rubik's Cube increases the difficulty mainly because it expands the set of distinguishable possible configurations. When the Cube is unscrambled apart from the orientations of the central squares, there will always be an even number of squares requiring a quarter turn. Thus there are 4&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;/2 = 2,048 possible configurations of the centre squares in the otherwise unscrambled position, increasing the total number of possible Cube permutations from 43,252,003,274,489,856,000 (4.3×10&lt;sup&gt;19&lt;/sup&gt;) to 88,580,102,706,155,225,088,000 (8.9×10&lt;sup&gt;22&lt;/sup&gt;).</div>

Hawkmp4 https://www.speedsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:General_Information&diff=664 2008-09-01T02:39:36Z

<p>Hawkmp4: New page: I&#039;ve begun to copy over information from Wikipedia&#039;s entry on the Rubik&#039;s Cube. I have not yet cleaned the text of links to pages that don&#039;t exist in our wiki, feel free to do so and renam...</p> <hr /> <div>I've begun to copy over information from Wikipedia's entry on the Rubik's Cube. I have not yet cleaned the text of links to pages that don't exist in our wiki, feel free to do so and rename this page if need be. [[User:Hawkmp4|hawkmp4]] 02:39, 1 September 2008 (UTC)</div>

Hawkmp4 https://www.speedsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=General_Information&diff=663 2008-09-01T02:38:28Z

<p>Hawkmp4: /* General Information */</p> <hr /> <div>The Rubik's Cube is a mechanical puzzle invented in 1974 by Hungarian sculptor and professor of architecture Ernő Rubik. Originally called the &quot;Magic Cube&quot; by its inventor, this puzzle was renamed &quot;Rubik's Cube&quot; by Ideal Toys in 1980 and won the German Game of the Year special award for Best Puzzle that year. It is said to be the world's best-selling toy, with over 300,000,000 Rubik's Cubes and imitations sold worldwide.[2]<br /> <br /> In a classic Rubik's Cube, each of the six faces is covered by 9 stickers, among six solid colours (traditionally being white, yellow, orange, red, blue, and green). A pivot mechanism enables each face to turn independently, thus mixing up the colours. For the puzzle to be solved, each face must be a solid colour.<br /> <br /> The Cube celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary in 2005, when a special edition was released, featuring a sticker in the centre of the reflective face (which replaced the white face) with a &quot;Rubik's Cube 1980-2005&quot; logo, and different packaging. There exist four widely available variations: the 2×2×2 (Pocket Cube, also Mini Cube, Junior Cube, or Ice Cube), the standard 3×3×3 cube, the 4×4×4 (Rubik's Revenge, or Master Cube), and the 5×5×5 (Professor's Cube). Recently, larger sizes are also on the market (V-Cube 6 and V-Cube 7). All of these items belong to a broad category of puzzles commonly referred to as &quot;twisty puzzles&quot;.<br /> <br /> For readability, 3x3x3 is frequently abbreviated 3×3 (and similarly for the other sizes) when there is no ambiguity. Common misspellings include &quot;rubix cube&quot;, &quot;rubics cube&quot;, &quot;rubick's cube&quot;, and &quot;rubiks cube&quot;.<br /> <br /> == Conception and development ==<br /> In March 1970, Larry Nichols invented a 2×2×2 &quot;Puzzle with Pieces Rotatable in Groups&quot; and filed a Canadian patent application for it. Nichols's cube was held together with magnets. Nichols was granted {{US patent|3655201}} on April 11, 1972, two years before Rubik invented his improved cube.<br /> <br /> On April 9, 1970, Frank Fox applied to patent his &quot;Spherical 3×3×3&quot;. He received his UK patent (1344259) on January 16, 1974.<br /> <br /> Rubik invented his &quot;[[wikt:magic cube|Magic Cube]]&quot; in 1974 and obtained Hungarian patent HU170062 for the Magic Cube in 1975 but did not take out international patents. The first test batches of the product were produced in late 1977 and released to [[Budapest]] toy shops. Magic Cube was held together with interlocking plastic pieces that were less expensive to produce than the magnets in Nichols's design. In September 1979, a deal was signed with Ideal Toys to bring the Magic Cube to the Western world, and the puzzle made its international debut at the toy fairs of London, Paris, [[Nuremberg International Toy Fair|Nuremberg]] and New York in January and February 1980.<br /> <br /> After its international debut, the progress of the Cube towards the toy shop shelves of the West was briefly halted so that it could be manufactured to [[Western world|Western]] safety and packaging specifications. A lighter Cube was produced, and Ideal Toys decided to rename it. &quot;[[Gordian Knot|The Gordian Knot]]&quot; and &quot;Inca Gold&quot; were considered, but the company finally decided on &quot;Rubik's Cube&quot;, and the first batch was exported from [[Hungary]] in May 1980. Taking advantage of an initial shortage of Cubes, many cheap imitations appeared.<br /> <br /> Nichols assigned his patent to his employer Moleculon Research Corp., which sued Ideal Toy Company in 1982. In 1984, Ideal lost the patent infringement suit and appealed. In 1986, the appeals court affirmed the judgment that Rubik's 2×2×2 Pocket Cube infringed Nichols's patent, but overturned the judgment on Rubik's 3×3×3 Cube.&lt;ref&gt;[http://digital-law-online.info/cases/229PQ805.htm Moleculon Research Corporation v. CBS, Inc.]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Even while Rubik's patent application was being processed, Terutoshi Ishigi, a self-taught engineer and ironworks owner near Tokyo, filed for a Japanese patent for a nearly identical mechanism and was granted patent JP55‒8192 (1976); Ishigi's is generally accepted as an independent reinvention.&lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{cite book<br /> |author = Hofstadter, Douglas R.<br /> |title = Metamagical Themas<br /> |publisher = Basic Books<br /> |year = 1985<br /> }}Hofstadter gives the name as &quot;Ishige&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://cubeman.org/cchrono.txt&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa040497.htm The History of Rubik's Cube - Erno Rubik&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Rubik applied for another Hungarian patent on [[October 28]], [[1980]], and applied for other patents. In the United States, Rubik was granted {{US patent|4378116}} on [[March 29]], [[1983]], for the Cube.<br /> <br /> Greek inventor Panagiotis Verdes patented a method of creating cubes beyond the 5×5×5, up to 11×11×11. His designs, which include improved mechanisms for the 3×3×3, 4×4×4, and 5×5×5, are suitable for [[speedcubing]], whereas existing designs for cubes larger than 5×5×5 are prone to break. As of [[June 19]], [[2008]], 5x5x5, 6x6x6, and 7x7x7 models are available.</div>

Hawkmp4 https://www.speedsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=General_Information&diff=662 2008-09-01T02:37:53Z

<p>Hawkmp4: New page: == General Information == The Rubik&#039;s Cube is a mechanical puzzle invented in 1974 by Hungarian sculptor and professor of architecture Ernő Rubik. Originally called the &quot;Magic Cube&quot; by it...</p> <hr /> <div>== General Information ==<br /> The Rubik's Cube is a mechanical puzzle invented in 1974 by Hungarian sculptor and professor of architecture Ernő Rubik. Originally called the &quot;Magic Cube&quot; by its inventor, this puzzle was renamed &quot;Rubik's Cube&quot; by Ideal Toys in 1980 and won the German Game of the Year special award for Best Puzzle that year. It is said to be the world's best-selling toy, with over 300,000,000 Rubik's Cubes and imitations sold worldwide.[2]<br /> <br /> In a classic Rubik's Cube, each of the six faces is covered by 9 stickers, among six solid colours (traditionally being white, yellow, orange, red, blue, and green). A pivot mechanism enables each face to turn independently, thus mixing up the colours. For the puzzle to be solved, each face must be a solid colour.<br /> <br /> The Cube celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary in 2005, when a special edition was released, featuring a sticker in the centre of the reflective face (which replaced the white face) with a &quot;Rubik's Cube 1980-2005&quot; logo, and different packaging. There exist four widely available variations: the 2×2×2 (Pocket Cube, also Mini Cube, Junior Cube, or Ice Cube), the standard 3×3×3 cube, the 4×4×4 (Rubik's Revenge, or Master Cube), and the 5×5×5 (Professor's Cube). Recently, larger sizes are also on the market (V-Cube 6 and V-Cube 7). All of these items belong to a broad category of puzzles commonly referred to as &quot;twisty puzzles&quot;.<br /> <br /> For readability, 3x3x3 is frequently abbreviated 3×3 (and similarly for the other sizes) when there is no ambiguity. Common misspellings include &quot;rubix cube&quot;, &quot;rubics cube&quot;, &quot;rubick's cube&quot;, and &quot;rubiks cube&quot;.<br /> <br /> == Conception and development ==<br /> In March 1970, Larry Nichols invented a 2×2×2 &quot;Puzzle with Pieces Rotatable in Groups&quot; and filed a Canadian patent application for it. Nichols's cube was held together with magnets. Nichols was granted {{US patent|3655201}} on April 11, 1972, two years before Rubik invented his improved cube.<br /> <br /> On April 9, 1970, Frank Fox applied to patent his &quot;Spherical 3×3×3&quot;. He received his UK patent (1344259) on January 16, 1974.<br /> <br /> Rubik invented his &quot;[[wikt:magic cube|Magic Cube]]&quot; in 1974 and obtained Hungarian patent HU170062 for the Magic Cube in 1975 but did not take out international patents. The first test batches of the product were produced in late 1977 and released to [[Budapest]] toy shops. Magic Cube was held together with interlocking plastic pieces that were less expensive to produce than the magnets in Nichols's design. In September 1979, a deal was signed with Ideal Toys to bring the Magic Cube to the Western world, and the puzzle made its international debut at the toy fairs of London, Paris, [[Nuremberg International Toy Fair|Nuremberg]] and New York in January and February 1980.<br /> <br /> After its international debut, the progress of the Cube towards the toy shop shelves of the West was briefly halted so that it could be manufactured to [[Western world|Western]] safety and packaging specifications. A lighter Cube was produced, and Ideal Toys decided to rename it. &quot;[[Gordian Knot|The Gordian Knot]]&quot; and &quot;Inca Gold&quot; were considered, but the company finally decided on &quot;Rubik's Cube&quot;, and the first batch was exported from [[Hungary]] in May 1980. Taking advantage of an initial shortage of Cubes, many cheap imitations appeared.<br /> <br /> Nichols assigned his patent to his employer Moleculon Research Corp., which sued Ideal Toy Company in 1982. In 1984, Ideal lost the patent infringement suit and appealed. In 1986, the appeals court affirmed the judgment that Rubik's 2×2×2 Pocket Cube infringed Nichols's patent, but overturned the judgment on Rubik's 3×3×3 Cube.&lt;ref&gt;[http://digital-law-online.info/cases/229PQ805.htm Moleculon Research Corporation v. CBS, Inc.]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Even while Rubik's patent application was being processed, Terutoshi Ishigi, a self-taught engineer and ironworks owner near Tokyo, filed for a Japanese patent for a nearly identical mechanism and was granted patent JP55‒8192 (1976); Ishigi's is generally accepted as an independent reinvention.&lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{cite book<br /> |author = Hofstadter, Douglas R.<br /> |title = Metamagical Themas<br /> |publisher = Basic Books<br /> |year = 1985<br /> }}Hofstadter gives the name as &quot;Ishige&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://cubeman.org/cchrono.txt&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa040497.htm The History of Rubik's Cube - Erno Rubik&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Rubik applied for another Hungarian patent on [[October 28]], [[1980]], and applied for other patents. In the United States, Rubik was granted {{US patent|4378116}} on [[March 29]], [[1983]], for the Cube.<br /> <br /> Greek inventor Panagiotis Verdes patented a method of creating cubes beyond the 5×5×5, up to 11×11×11. His designs, which include improved mechanisms for the 3×3×3, 4×4×4, and 5×5×5, are suitable for [[speedcubing]], whereas existing designs for cubes larger than 5×5×5 are prone to break. As of [[June 19]], [[2008]], 5x5x5, 6x6x6, and 7x7x7 models are available.</div>

Hawkmp4 https://www.speedsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=2-look_PLL&diff=659 2008-09-01T02:31:12Z

<p>Hawkmp4: /* Edge Permutation Cases */</p> <hr /> <div>== 2-Look PLL ==<br /> This PLL system is used to permute the last layer after orientation. Of the 21 cases, only 7 are needed for 2-Look PLL. Permutation is broken into 2 steps: corner permutation (three cases), and edge permutation (four cases).<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S61q3FYVFis Badmephisto's 2-look PLL guide]<br /> <br /> <br /> === Corner Permutation Cases ===<br /> * [[PLL#A_Permutation_:_a|A Permutation]] (case a or case b, only one is needed, or any PLL that effectively swaps 2 adjacent corners)<br /> * [[PLL#E_Permutation|E Permutation]] or [[PLL#Y_Permutation|Y Permutation]] (Or any PLL that effectively swaps 2 non adjacent corners)<br /> <br /> === Edge Permutation Cases ===<br /> * [[PLL#H_Permutation|H Permutation]]<br /> * [[PLL#U_Permutation_:_a|U Permutation]] (CCW)<br /> * [[PLL#U_Permutation_:_b|U Permutation]] (CW)<br /> * [[PLL#Z_Permutation|Z Permutation]]</div>

Hawkmp4 https://www.speedsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=2-look_PLL&diff=658 2008-09-01T02:30:21Z

<p>Hawkmp4: /* Corner Permutation Cases */</p> <hr /> <div>== 2-Look PLL ==<br /> This PLL system is used to permute the last layer after orientation. Of the 21 cases, only 7 are needed for 2-Look PLL. Permutation is broken into 2 steps: corner permutation (three cases), and edge permutation (four cases).<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S61q3FYVFis Badmephisto's 2-look PLL guide]<br /> <br /> <br /> === Corner Permutation Cases ===<br /> * [[PLL#A_Permutation_:_a|A Permutation]] (case a or case b, only one is needed, or any PLL that effectively swaps 2 adjacent corners)<br /> * [[PLL#E_Permutation|E Permutation]] or [[PLL#Y_Permutation|Y Permutation]] (Or any PLL that effectively swaps 2 non adjacent corners)<br /> <br /> === Edge Permutation Cases ===<br /> * [[PLL#H_Permutation|H Permutation]]<br /> * [[PLL#U_Permutation_:_a|U Permutation]]<br /> * [[PLL#U_Permutation_:_b|U Permutation]]<br /> * [[PLL#Z_Permutation|Z Permutation]]</div>

Hawkmp4 https://www.speedsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:Try-out_Methods&diff=654 2008-09-01T00:33:43Z

<p>Hawkmp4: </p> <hr /> <div>Perhaps rename this &quot;Experimental Methods&quot;? I don't like the current phrase. [[User:JBCM627|JBCM627]] 01:24, 31 August 2008 (UTC) (thanks meph)<br /> :I agree, that would make more sense. (append four tildas to your messages to sign them) [[User:Badmephisto|badmephisto]] 00:44, 30 August 2008 (UTC)<br /> :Or something like &quot;Methods in development&quot; ? I dont know [[User:Badmephisto|badmephisto]] 00:45, 30 August 2008 (UTC)<br /> <br /> Yeah, is this page even necessary? I mean, if you want experimental methods you're better off trawling the forums, that'd be a much more up to date source. [[User:Hawkmp4|hawkmp4]] 00:33, 1 September 2008 (UTC)</div>

Hawkmp4 https://www.speedsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:Blindsolving&diff=648 2008-08-31T23:01:19Z

<p>Hawkmp4: New page: Should this be merged with the existing BLD page at http://www.speedsolving.com/wiki/index.php/Blindfolded_Solving ?</p> <hr /> <div>Should this be merged with the existing BLD page at http://www.speedsolving.com/wiki/index.php/Blindfolded_Solving ?</div>

Hawkmp4 https://www.speedsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:Introduction_to_Speedcubing_for_Beginners&diff=647 2008-08-31T22:57:04Z

<p>Hawkmp4: New page: This page is lifted straight from this thread- http://pinoyspeedcubers.forumotion.com/noob-s-area-f12/cubing-101-t1516.htm It doesn&#039;t read very smoothly and its written in first person... ...</p> <hr /> <div>This page is lifted straight from this thread-<br /> http://pinoyspeedcubers.forumotion.com/noob-s-area-f12/cubing-101-t1516.htm<br /> It doesn't read very smoothly and its written in first person... should we work on this?</div>

Hawkmp4