Cross
From Speedsolving.com Wiki
The cross is a concept first proposed in the early 80's by David Singmaster, and is the first step for most layer by layer methods on 3x3x3. It involves solving the four edges of one layer into place all at once. Beginner methods will often start by teaching the solver to place one piece at a time, but a more advanced cuber will be able to determine during inspection how to place all four edges at once. Forming the entire cross can always be done in 8 or fewer moves. In some cases cubers will start a solve by building an extended cross, which involves a cross as well as one or more corner-edge pairs.
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